1. Introduction

1.1 Goal of the Tutorial

This tutorial aims to guide you on how to set up Prometheus and Grafana for monitoring your Kubernetes cluster. You will learn how to install these tools, configure them, and create visualizations to track your cluster's performance.

1.2 Learning Outcomes

By the end of this tutorial, you should be able to:
- Install and configure Prometheus and Grafana on a Kubernetes cluster.
- Understand how to monitor your Kubernetes cluster using Prometheus and Grafana.
- Create dashboards and visualizations in Grafana.

1.3 Prerequisites

Before we start, you should have the following:
- A basic understanding of Kubernetes.
- A running Kubernetes cluster.
- kubectl command-line tool installed and configured to interact with your cluster.

2. Step-by-Step Guide

2.1 Installing Prometheus

Prometheus can be installed on your Kubernetes cluster using Helm, a package manager for Kubernetes.

# Add the official Prometheus Helm chart repository
helm repo add prometheus-community https://prometheus-community.github.io/helm-charts

# Install the Prometheus Helm chart
helm install my-prometheus prometheus-community/prometheus

2.2 Installing Grafana

Grafana can also be installed on your Kubernetes cluster using Helm.

# Add the official Grafana Helm chart repository
helm repo add grafana https://grafana.github.io/helm-charts

# Install the Grafana Helm chart
helm install my-grafana grafana/grafana

2.3 Configuring Prometheus to Monitor your Cluster

To monitor your cluster, you need to set up Prometheus to scrape metrics from your Kubernetes services. This configuration can be done using a prometheus.yml file.

2.4 Creating Dashboards and Visualizations in Grafana

Once Prometheus is set up and gathering metrics, you can visualize this data using Grafana. You can create dashboards and panels to display these metrics in a variety of formats.

3. Code Examples

3.1 Example Prometheus Configuration

The following is an example prometheus.yml file that configures Prometheus to scrape metrics from a Kubernetes service named my-service.

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'my-service'
    scrape_interval: 5s
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['my-service:8080']

3.2 Example Grafana Dashboard

You can create Grafana dashboards using JSON. The following is a simple example of a Grafana dashboard that displays CPU usage.

{
  "dashboard": {
    "title": "CPU Usage",
    "panels": [{
      "type": "graph",
      "title": "CPU Usage",
      "targets": [{
        "expr": "100 - (avg by (instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job='my-service',mode='idle'}[5m])) * 100)"
      }]
    }]
  }
}

4. Summary

In this tutorial, we've covered how to install and configure Prometheus and Grafana on a Kubernetes cluster, and how to create Grafana dashboards and panels to visualize your cluster's metrics. Practice creating your own dashboards to monitor different aspects of your cluster's performance.

5. Practice Exercises

1. Install Prometheus and Grafana on your Kubernetes cluster and configure Prometheus to scrape metrics from a service.
2. Create a Grafana dashboard that displays the memory usage of your Kubernetes nodes.
3. Configure Prometheus to scrape metrics from another service in your cluster and create a Grafana dashboard to visualize these metrics.

Remember, practice is key when learning new technical skills. Don't worry if you don't understand everything right away. Keep experimenting and learning as you go along.