1. Introduction

Brief Explanation of the Tutorial's Goal

The goal of this tutorial is to guide you on how to use Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) to enhance web accessibility. ARIA is a set of special accessibility attributes which can be added to any markup. It's designed to make web content and web applications more accessible to people with disabilities.

What the User Will Learn

By the end of the tutorial, you will be able to:
- Understand the concept of ARIA and its importance
- Use ARIA roles, states, and properties to enhance web accessibility
- Implement ARIA in practical examples

Prerequisites

Basic knowledge of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript is required to follow this tutorial.

2. Step-by-Step Guide

Understanding ARIA

ARIA stands for Accessible Rich Internet Applications. It is a specification from the W3C and it provides a way to make web content and web applications more accessible to people with disabilities.

ARIA Roles

ARIA roles provide information about how an element is supposed to function. There are three main categories of roles:
- Landmark roles: These roles are used to navigate different sections of a page (e.g., banner, main, navigation, search).
- Widget roles: These roles are used for standalone user interface widgets (e.g., slider, menu, tab).
- Document structure roles: These roles are used to describe structures in a document (e.g., article, group, presentation).

ARIA States and Properties

ARIA states and properties provide extra information about elements. States are dynamic, they can change as a result of user interaction, while properties are static and do not change.

Best Practices and Tips

• Only use ARIA when there's no other way. If you can use a native HTML element or attribute with the desired semantics, do that instead.
• Don't change native semantics unless you really have to.
• All interactive ARIA controls must be usable with the keyboard.

3. Code Examples

Example 1: Using ARIA roles

<!-- The 'navigation' role is used to designate a section as a navigation menu -->
<nav role="navigation">
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
    <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
  </ul>
</nav>

Here, we are using the 'navigation' role to designate a section as a navigation menu. The screen reader would announce this section as a 'navigation' to visually impaired users.

Example 2: Using ARIA states

<!-- The 'aria-expanded' state is used to indicate whether a collapsable section is currently expanded or collapsed -->
<button aria-expanded="false">Show more</button>

Here, we are using the 'aria-expanded' state to indicate whether a collapsable section is currently expanded or collapsed. The screen reader would announce this state to visually impaired users.

4. Summary

In this tutorial, we've learned about ARIA and its importance in making web content and web applications more accessible. We covered ARIA roles, states, and properties and provided some practical examples.

To continue learning, you can explore more about ARIA roles, states, and properties, and how to use them in different scenarios.

5. Practice Exercises

1. Create a webpage with a navigation menu. Use ARIA roles to enhance its accessibility.
2. Create a webpage with a collapsable section. Use ARIA states to indicate whether it's expanded or collapsed.
3. Create a webpage with a form. Use ARIA properties to enhance its accessibility.

Each of these exercises would give you a deeper understanding of how to use ARIA in different scenarios. Remember, the key to mastering ARIA is through practice and implementation. Happy coding!