1. Introduction

In this tutorial, we aim to guide you through the process of building secure authorization systems for your web applications. You'll learn about different access control methods and how to implement them effectively.

By the end of this tutorial, you'll be able to:

• Understand the basics of web authorization.
• Implement secure access control methods.
• Build an authorization system for your web applications.

Prerequisites:
- Basic knowledge of web development (HTML, CSS, JavaScript).
- A general understanding of server-side programming (Python, Node.js, etc.).
- Familiarity with HTTP protocol and RESTful APIs.

2. Step-by-Step Guide

2.1 Web Authorization Basics

Web authorization revolves around granting or denying permissions to users to access certain resources of a web application. In most cases, it's based on the user's identity and role.

2.2 Access Control Methods

There are several access control methods including Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC), and others. RBAC grants permissions based on a user's role, while ABAC uses a combination of attributes, such as user's role, time, and location.

2.3 Best Practices

• Always use secure communication (HTTPS).
• Store user credentials securely, never in plain text.
• Regularly audit access logs for any abnormal activities.

3. Code Examples

3.1 Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

// Define roles and permissions
const roles = {
  admin: ['read', 'write', 'delete'],
  user: ['read', 'write']
};

// Check if a user has a certain permission
function checkPermission(user, permission) {
  const userRole = user.role;
  return roles[userRole].includes(permission);
}

// Usage
const user = { role: 'admin' };
console.log(checkPermission(user, 'delete')); // true

This is a simple RBAC implementation in JavaScript. The roles object defines the permissions for each role. The checkPermission function checks whether a user has a certain permission.

3.2 Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)

# Define a function to check access
def check_access(user, resource, action):
  # Check user attributes against resource and action
  if user.role == 'admin':
    return True
  elif user.role == 'user' and action == 'read':
    return True
  else:
    return False

# Example usage
user = User(role='admin')
resource = 'document'
action = 'delete'
print(check_access(user, resource, action))  # True

This is a basic ABAC example in Python. The check_access function checks a user's attributes (in this case, role) against the resource and action.

4. Summary

In this tutorial, we discussed web authorization, access control methods, and how to implement them. We also looked at some best practices for secure authorization.

Next steps for learning include exploring different authorization frameworks and libraries, as well as learning about authentication (a related but distinct concept).

Additional resources:
- MDN Web Docs: HTTP authentication: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Authentication
- OWASP: Access Control Cheat Sheet: https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Access_Control_Cheat_Sheet.html

5. Practice Exercises

1. Implement a function that checks user access based on multiple attributes (e.g., role, time, location).

2. Create a simple web application that uses an attribute-based access control system.

3. Add an auditing log to the application from exercise 2.

Remember, practice is key to mastering any new concept. Enjoy coding!