This tutorial aims to guide you through creating and managing Active Jobs in Rails. Active Job is a framework for declaring jobs that can be run in a variety of queuing backends. These jobs can be everything from regularly scheduled clean-ups to mailing customers when products come back in stock.
By the end of this tutorial, you will be able to:
- Understand what Active Jobs are and how they work in Rails.
- Create and manage Active Jobs.
- Use Active Job to manage background tasks in a standardized way.
To follow along with this tutorial, you should have:
- A basic understanding of Ruby on Rails.
- Ruby on Rails installed on your machine.
- Basic knowledge of Ruby programming language.
Active Job provides a framework for declaring jobs that are run in the background. It allows you to queue tasks (jobs) to be executed later, outside of the user's request-response cycle.
To create a new Active Job, you can use the Rails generator:
rails generate job MyJob
This will create a file under app/jobs
named my_job.rb
.
Jobs can be enqueued with perform_later
method:
MyJob.perform_later
This will run the job as soon as the queuing system is free to do so.
Here's a simple example of an Active Job that sends an email:
class MyJob < ApplicationJob
queue_as :default
def perform(*args)
# Send an email
UserMailer.with(user: User.first).welcome_email.deliver_now
end
end
In this code:
- We define a new job named MyJob
that inherits from ApplicationJob
.
- We use queue_as
to specify the queue's name.
- perform
method contains the task to be done. In this case, send an email to the first user.
To enqueue this job, you would do:
MyJob.perform_later
This will add the job to the queue, and it will be executed as soon as possible.
In this tutorial, we've learned about Active Jobs in Rails, how to create them, and how to enqueue them. Active Jobs provide a way to handle background tasks that are outside of the immediate user's request-response cycle.
Continue to explore Active Job and its features. Try creating different jobs that perform various tasks.
For each exercise, you should:
- Define the job and the task it performs.
- Enqueue the job.
- Test the job to ensure it works as expected.
Remember, practice is key when it comes to coding. Happy coding!